Comparison of cardiovascular event risk between top 25% and bottom 25% of xylitol blood levels

Both cohorts are adjusted for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and lipid levels; since follow-up periods differ, they should be used for directional reference rather than direct comparison.

Canada CLSA cohort (6-year follow-up)+57%

UK EPIC-Norfolk cohort (30-year follow-up)+18%

Sugar-free gum/candy

Toothpaste/mouthwash

Diet beverages

Baked goods/ice cream

Chewable vitamins

Pharmaceutical coatings/binders

Bar lengths visualize the relative magnitude of increased risk and do not represent absolute incidence rates. (Source: ESC Congress 2026, Witkowski et al., presented August 29, 2026)